DDT and malaria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and malaria - Essay ExampleThe disease is common in subtropical and tropical regions including a lot of Americas, Asia, and the Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is very common in these regions since they have original hot temperatures and large amounts of rainfall. Since mosquitos live in a warm environment with consistent temperatures, they breed perpetually in the aforementioned areas. Significance of Malaria Malaria is one of the major contagious diseases in tropical environments and a Brobdingnagian public health disaster. It has been ranked the leading cause of death in the world where almost v million new cases are identified, with deaths of two point seven million annually according to Glaser and sawbuck (2007). Historically, malaria has infected man since the creation of mankind. Malaria has not spared is victims despite of their status and position, the American President John Adams for archetype nearly succumbed to malaria while on a diplom atic mission in Amsterdam. It was until the nineteenth century that facts astir(predicate) the real cause of malaria became known. So far despite this knowledge, malaria continues to grossly affect the populations of south East Asia, sub-Saharan, and Latin America its victims manly comprising pregnant women and young children (McConnell, 2006). Malaria causing mosquitoes are known to breed in swamy areas or areas that have stagnant waters where they lay their eggs. The Plasmodium parasite apart from infecting humans, also affects reptiles, birds, rodents, chimpanzees and monkeys. Plasmodium enters the blood stream and damages the red blood cells as well as affecting the spleen, kidney, liver, and other vital luggage compartment organs. Malaria has other names like falcipurum malaria, quartan malaria, black water fever, plasmodium, and tertian malaria. Thus malaria parasites are inherited by female anopheles mosquitoes (Capinera, 2008). Information on the economic workload of mal aria is needed to focus interventions equitably and efficiently, and to establish investment in control and research of how to combat the disease. Treatment of malaria is costly its asociated expenses a accuse to the victims. Many institutions use weak data to estimate indirect costs, which fail to account for seasonal variations, the dispute between the marginal and average product of labour, and the means firms and households survive in response to the illness period. collision of DDT There are several measures used in combating malaria including use of insecticides, mosquito nets and medication that fight the disease. wizard product that has been used for a long to in fighting malaria is DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). DDT is a celluloid pesticide invented in 1874. DDT opens sodium ion paths in the neurons of insects enabling them to fire suddenly which results to eventual deaths spasms. However, in humans it affects the health through endocrine disruption or genotoxi city. Genotoxic substances are recognized to be potentially carcinogenic or mutagenic, particularly those capable of causing genetic mutation and of contributing to the growth of swellings as illustrious by Miller and Spoolman (2008). DDT may be directly genotoxic, although it may also make enzymes fork over other genotoxic intermediates. It is also an endocrine disruptor in that it act as an ant androgen. According to Roberts and Tren (2010), the ashes of DDT on the walls of the houses can change the transmission mode of mosquitoes. The non contact repellant action of DDT remains can stop a malaria mosquito from entering the house. In

Examined Life + Judith Butler & Sunaura Taylor Movie Review - 1

Examined Life + Judith pantryman & Sunaura Taylor - Movie Review ExampleThe researcher states that the video Examined Life + Judith Butler & Sunaura Taylor is very enlightening but at the same time disturbing because although contemporary society has mystify more embracing to people with disabilities or impairments, in the real sense, or from the perspectives of these disabled people, society is dummy up the culprit that restrains them and confines them to a stereotyped image that as disables, there atomic number 18 vast opportunities, activities, and endeavors that be not simple available and accessible to them. For instance, at some point, Taylor indicated that society is somehow callous on people who need some help or assistance and are tended to be looked down upon. She cited that sometimes, she is apprehensive to seek some assistance in ordering coffee and demanding assistance and she had to sit in the parking area for hours just to gather the strength to do that. It is s o sad to realize how society has been so egotistical and have been totally indifferent to people who should have been accorded assistance without being told. The study of Neath clearly indicates that impairments are often acquired as a result of social practices (e.g., war, interpersonal violence). There is a strong likeliness of a disabling society that disability will follow impairment. The researcher believes that society imposes predefined mindsets and practices that parade attitudes of repression, a prejudiced predisposition in interacting with people who are physically challenged. The most disturbing scuttlebutt brought out by Butler was that a young mans gait, due to its distinct peculiarity, surface a group of guys to kill him. It makes the author think that this is societys response to the theory of pick of the fittest.

Project management as imperative for business organization Essay

Project management as imperative for business organization - Essay modelingProject management has been depicted as a finely developed and a well recognize and accepted domain of professional expertise and as a sphere for academic study accommodate at promoting improvements in a system (White and Fortune, 2002). It akinwise presents a logical and an efficient methodology to wholly phases of a roll by ascertaining that every move and every step is meticulously conceptualized, supervised, monitored and accounted for.At the outset, its natural covering was intended for big organizations with intricate systems and litigatees however, contemporary techniques of project management can be modified and tailored to suit the needs of the smaller firms (Baccarini, 1999). In essence, project management is not just a process or a method it is really more of a mindset, thus, it is imperative for business organization owners or those in the higher echelon of firm management to be receptive to its potentials toward progress before it can be initiated as a constructive and a valuable process inside the organization.Definition/Principles As a concept, project management has been in existence for centuries with its casual use of the Chinese and Egyptians that led to remarkable undertakings like the Great Wall of China and the Pyramids. Nonetheless, as a contemporary phenomenon, it has gained so much attention, focus and credence in the Information Technology industry as rapid developments continue to flow (Fox 2004). In a treatise centering on the significant components of effective project management, it has been inferred that - In any project situation, there is a client/customer who has a unique need which requires knowledge and resources to conduct the realization of the concept within the specific constraints of time, money and specification. The effective management processes of planning, monitoring and control ar required to translate the liking of careen into tangible deliverables (Cicmil, 1997).As it is, project management is a novel process whose implementation has acquire a great necessity in todays competitive market. To endeavor the completion of any project entails some(prenominal) elements and obstructions, among them are client special requirements, project complexity, organizational restructuring and project risks (Kerzner, 2003). With a methodical procedure in place, obstructions can be explained and courses of actions and suitable measures can be taken to either prevent or overpower them. Some of the many potential benefits project management provides include (Kerzner 2003)Identification of functional responsibilities ensuring that all activities are accounted forIdentification of time limits for schedulingMeasurement of accomplishment against plansEarly identification of problems andImproved estimating capabilityPMI (2000) supplied a straightforward description and characterization of the term which depicts it as the appli cation of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project requirements. As the concept of project management surfaces, three core stimuli are involved (Baccarini, 1999)1. Complexity - refers to the mounting intricacies of responsibilities and the necessity for higher levels in the spheres of expertise2. Change - deals with progressively active settings and the continuous presence of pressure within organizations and the execution of change due to global competition3. Time - refers to the demands for responsibilities, assignments and objectives to be

Maynard Constructs A School Web Page Case Study

Maynard Constructs A School Web Page - Case deal Exampleadministration can develop new websites and technologically relevant platform for the communication with the role player community and the stakeholders under flexible and friendly circumstances. The effective and full implementation of this feeler will in the long run lead to the improvement of the administration of the institution and the improvement of the general performance of the respective institution.The mooring gives an in depth blend of how the approach combines tacit knowledge and a wealth of effective theoretical approach for the development of successful means of communication with entities both internal and external to the institution, means of building and maintaining enduring relationship with the political and social capital and the best means of translating the above stated values into dictatorial changes in the school set up and for the purpose of development and improvement(Kowalski, 2004).Through the e xploration of the above themes the case looks into how the development of new and effective technologies can help in the success of an institution. The study has comprehensively factored in issues that affect the real world and ensured that for the development of a successful module in the institutions, the best workable approach and technology has to be applied.In conclusion, the case has ensured that there is the need of harnessing technology to meet the need of the public and the comprehensive factoring in of collection of data, public opinions and regular

Kublai Khan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Kublai caravanserai - Essay ExampleAs Emperor, Khan initiated a symbiotic relationship between the Chinese and the Mongols, promoting a nation of tolerance and cross-cultural interaction that allowed for a flourishing of diverse arts as hearty as militaristic might. He exercised both military and governmental savvy in his actions, which contributed to a in(predicate) unification of the two primary peoples of his empire. Kublais power, military and political success attests to his military intelligence and daring. He was a strong man who understood strategy and possessed the ability to command respect and homage from his subjects and people, ruling with a strong hand when necessary and promoting tolerance when possible. It was in this latter instinct that he gained perhaps his most lasting contributions, but it is also that instinct that nevertheless led to his downfall. Although he liable(predicate) would not have been as successful as he was, had he not possessed political int elligence and agility, his instincts were often towards indulgence of this tendency. He well understood the profound importance of catering to the Chinese majority, and thus took on Chinese advisors and officials as well as made a point of upholding important Chinese traditions, cultural values, and administrative practices. He commanded all his concubines, sons, daughters, and all the royal family members to adopt the Han culture and uprise the Chinese language and customs. Thus, the new China flourished under Kublais rule and experienced a great(p) restructuring of political configuration. However, although Kublai Khan overcame umteen difficulties and barriers and ultimately achieved what he endeavored to do, in the end he became a disillusioned and embattled man. Through the struggles to convince his own conservative Mongol community of the need for the tolerance he promoted with the Chinese culture, he was increasingly isolated and frustrated at the end of his life. Both hi s military and political strength portrays his capacity for leadership and as well as his ability to properly run a nation and allow it to flourish, but his personal failures and ideas eventually left lonely and embittered. In this essay, his contributions and legacy forget be reviewed in order to see this in more depth. Family Background and Early Beginnings Genghis Khan, Kublais grandfather, fall in many of the wandering tribes of northeast Asia and in that way founded the Mongol Empire. As Paul Ratchenevsky writes, the nomadic tribes in their territory were loosely linked tribal groups who would make stronger but still temporary confederations whenever some regional purpose called for it. Such purposes often involve war, but these were traditionally wars of a defensive nature. The tribal bands would go up together whenever an outside force posed some impending danger, but their need for mobility as nomadic peoples generally prohibited any stronger or more lasting associations because of the nature of their lifestyles. Genghis Khan, through force of reputation and visionary leadership managed to unite these tribes and begin offensive wars that allowed the empire to expand across Asia. Eventually, he initiated many invasions within Eurasia, thereby extending the reach and impact of his territory. In these ways, he was to be emulated by his grandson, with a compounding of imaginary and charismatic leadership that led to the establishment of greater territories. Through the influence of Genghis Khan,

Need to write a paper on a Role - Play assignment Essay

Need to relieve a paper on a Role - Play assignment - Essay ExampleSecondly, I recommend for an establishment of a central source of power and information. This will stop the current multiplex requests for similar information (Ramos 26). In the event that Torres handles this task, coordination will line up a pace for quality take a shit in the council.Regarding the third complaint of the failure to meet deadlines and attending meetings, I propose that the employees commit in writing on what is expected of them at specific timelines. Stiff penalties such as warnings and dismissal earn must be put on employees who fail to meet the requirements of the management. This will ensure that the staff members oblige with the time set for the morning meetings and all the deadlines set despite their urgency.Fourthly, the management should make it clear to the employees on who Torres is in the company and that she should be given all the respect that she deserves regardless of her sex and racial affiliation. So as to reduce the chances that the new employees are disloyal to Torres, I propose that they report to her every morning and evening with clearly written progress on their work. Alongside their written presentations, the new workers must as well as ensure that they also get responses from the old staff on how the company has been running prior to their sexual climax in and what they should emulate from them. This move will allow the new staff move with the pace set by Torres before their contract with the company.If this management architectural plan is implemented, it is expected that the city council will have a new look that will drive the employees towards meeting the expected demands of the management, and the management driving the council as expected. This plan will also reduce any forms of bias that may exist in the company as sexual as well as racial

Critical thinking Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Critical thinking - Case Study ExampleThis amounts to 8.5% of the total population. The American Indians argon 16 pot, while the Asians are 12. In percentage terms, the Indians amount to 0.77%, while that of the Asians was 0.58%. There are also other minority tribes, such as Eskimos and the peaceful Islanders. Their total number amounts to 98, which is 4.9% (Statistical digest of the unite States, 17).St. Juan is a city found in Hidalgo, one of the counties of the state of Texas. The city is located at 261133N 989 10W, and has an area of 11 square miles. In 2011, the city had a population of 34,091, which was an increase of approximately 30%, as compared to the statistical figures of 2000 (Statistical abstract of the United States, 36). The number of males was 16, 498, and this is a percentage of 48.4%. The female population amounted to 17,593, which represents a percentage of 51.6% (Statistical abstract of the United States, 21).The largest numbers of people in St Juan are the H ispanics, whose number was 32,734 representing a percentage of 96.7%. The Asians were 47, and the blacks were 32, which was a percentage of 0.1 and 0.09 % respectively. The total number of white people was 1012, and this was a percentage of 3%. The minority tribes of the Eskimos and the Pacific have amounted to 10 people, and this contributed to a percentage of 0.03% (Statistical abstract of the United States, 25).The reason as to why the Whites and the Hispanic are the majority in these cities is because they assimilated the minority groups of the Eskimos, the Pacifics and the Black Americans. The Eskimos and Pacifics are small in number this makes them vulnerable to the sovereign tribes of the Hispanics and the Caucasians. The Hispanics and the Caucasians intermarried with them, and because of their dominance, they were able to assimilate these groups. This led to the increase of the Hispanics in the St Juan city, and the increase of the whites at the city of St. jo. Intermarriag e is an

Undecided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Undecided - Essay ExampleIn 1641, Massachusetts announced that slavery was legal gum olibanum became the first colony to legalize slavery (Lee 14).The Transatlantic slave trade that had begun around 1500 was the major slave supplier to America. sweet Haven, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Plymouth adopted fugitive slave law and in 1650, Connecticut legalized slavery. In 1662, Virginia passed a hereditary slavery decree that directed that children of black salves would be bond or freed depending on the break of their mothers. Maryland legalized slavery in 1663, the same year that slaves in Virginia revolted. In the following year, New York and New Jersey legalized slavery while a law was passed in Maryland illegalizing marriage between white-hot women and black men (Lee 15).Many states passed laws directing that Christian baptism would non change the status of slaves and slaves were not allowed to sustain firearms. In states like Virginia, slaves were banned from meeting in lar ge numbers and those who assaulted whites or tried to chip were severely punished. In New York, slaves were not allowed to sell commodities. In 1688, the first formal antislavery resolution was passed in Pennsylvania. Rice cultivation in Carolina intensified slave trade in the state. Some states such as Massachusetts penalized slave masters who freed their slaves. In Connecticut, slaves who disturbed peace or assaulted whites were whipped (Lee 16).Slaves in Rhode Island were required to play passes when walking at night. In some instances, for instance in Virginia, slave masters were allowed to kill and demolish runaways. From 1711, slave trade started losing popularity in most states. For instance, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island prohibited the importation of black and Indian slaves. horizontal so, slaves were not allowed to marry or operate businesses without the permission of their masters. Occasionally, slaves got infuriated and revolted killing whites and their captors. In mos t states, slaves were not

Chapter question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter indecision - Essay ExampleThis is because the several(predicate) stages of a process involve different scopes that require application of different theories. The transtheoritical theory however offers a framework for application of the different theories, appropriately, at each stage of a process (Butler, p. 43).The key stages in TTM are pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination while the key stages in PAPM are cosmos unaware and unengaged about an issue, deciding about acting, acting and maintenance (p. 45). The two models are akin(predicate) in a number of common stages such as acting and maintenance. They however also brace differences in the stages. Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, and termination stages in TTM for instance do not be in PAPM. Similarly, some stages in PAPM such as a persons preliminary unawareness or un-engagement by the discomfit matter, the process of deciding to act or deciding not to act d o not exist in TTM. The Transtheoritical Model and the Precaution Adoption Process Model therefore have both similarities and differences in their stages of implementation (Butler, p.

Master Level - Academic Marketing - Research, Theory and Practice in Essay

Master Level - Academic Marketing - Research, theory and Practice in Marketing - Essay ExampleThe strategy therefore, was viable in the given subdued parameters and yielded results that satisfied both the customers and the retailers of the time.On the contrary, today, the technological advancements have brought forth an explosion of information that is easily accessible to public through the internet and other media like television, radio, mobile phones etc. The internet has made it easy for the customers to become aware of the product details including its availability at competitive prices which has precipitated the need to develop a livelong new perspective for a new marketing technique. Hence one needs to be more open when Shultz say that it is the end-users who now control the markets rather than the marketers.It is equally true that though, the technology in its wake has inundated the market with variety of products which has given the customer plenty of option, the seller is left with the abridge throat competition that must be met urgently. It therefore becomes all the more important that the sellers need to stash away new techniques and brands that would, not only attract the customers but also retain them. The customer, while re primary(prenominal)ing the main point of any marketing techniques, no more commands the sole attention. The emerging technology has necessitated the incorporation of the whole body within which the product is marketed. Hence any successful marketing must address the system as a whole.Shultz has come up with the theory of triad comprising of marketers, customers and the employees who must be considered as a unit for a market strategy to succeed. Shultz asserts that these three elements where employees also include the retailers, distributors, agents and the sales force, play a vital role in marketing of the product. Today the concept of market has changed so much so that instead of customer going to the product, the pro duct comes

John Brown's Raid at Harper's Ferry Research Paper

John brownishs Raid at Harpers Ferry - Research Paper ExampleFollowing his execution after the raid on Harpers Ferry, dark-brown was hailed as a martyr among the opponents of thraldom. Moreover, his actions were deemed as one of the causal factors of the American Civil War. John embrown disgust for slavery stemmed back during his childhood. Evidently, he was conceived in Torrington, Connecticut on 9th May 1800 (West Virginia register and History). Furthermore, he was brought up with strict religious values in which his father taught him that slavery was a bring home the baconst Gods will and sinful. Moreover, after browns family relocated to Ohio, he witnessed the brutality meted against slaves by their masters and became a strong opponent of slavery. To this end, Brown passion of eliminating slavery grew to the point of advocating for violence as an end to slavery. Brown believed that the roots of slavery had grown so deep in society and only violence gloweringered the better (p) solution to its end. Interestingly enough, John Brown gained support from other opponents of slavery who had grown frustrated of the cool method. His first violent exploits against slavery were established on Kansas which became known as bleeding Kansas. In 1856 of May, Brown is reported to have led his sons in an attack against proponent of slavery at Pottawatomie Creek in Kansas. Consequently, Brown set his objectives his anti slavery war higher by contemplating to start a slavery uprising in the South. To this end, Brown commenced his plans of a raid and capture of a federal armoury at Harpers Ferry in Virginia. To accomplish this, he moved into a farm in nearby Potomac River, doctor (Lieutenant Green & Major Russell). He was with his sons and loyal followers where they were strikeed in military tactics. Browns option to attack Harpers Ferry was founded on two notions. Fore well-nigh, he believed that he would be able to gain access to weapons that would be used in violent revolts against the southern slavery proponents. Second, he aimed to distribute the weapons among the enslaved negroes and ultimately succeed in ending slavery. To this end, Brown conducted a night raid on Harpers Ferry on Sunday, October 16. His group was composed of 5 Negroes and 16 whites. Evidently, Browns initial raid was successful as they began by slashing off telegraph wires. This was a tactical moved aimed at cutting off communication between the town and the outside world. Moreover, Brown and his men seized the rifle manufacturing plant, arsenal and local armoury. They barely proceeded to hold up 60 hostages from the town. A key hostage in the raid was George Washingtons great grand nephew, Colonel Lewis Washington. However, the efforts to isolate the town by cutting of communication were not successful. The apparent botch was caused by the detention and release of a B&O train passing through the town. Upon the trains arrival in Baltimore, the federal troops led by Co lonel Robert E. Lee, were notified and sent over to Harpers Ferry. Meanwhile, the local militia had barricaded the town and blocked any possible escape routes for the raiders. Consequently, John Brown marshalled his little contingent and hostages to tiny engine house next to the armoury. Upon the arrival of the federal forces, they raided the fire engine, overpowered Brown and killed most of his men. To this end, 15 insurgents and 5 citizens were killed, 3 insurgents were wounded while 5 insurgent

Social networks Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social ne devilrks - interrogation Proposal ExampleBy examining this, there is the susceptibility to draw conclusions about mass media and how it can expend communication effectively with societal media for stronger influences. Literature Review The companionable networks that progress to emerged in the last two decades are continuing to influence the behaviors and trends of those interested in the networking. This literature review will examine the main(prenominal) ideologies of affable networks and how they are emerging into new forms of connecting with others. Specifically, there will be an understanding of how social networks have changed, what has developed and how this is influencing mass media and communication. There will be an examination of what the current trends are with social networks and what is judge in the future, specifically with a focus on what this means for new media. By examining these comp singlents, there is the ability to create a deeper understand ing of the structure of networks and how these are influencing the current conditions of individuals online. Background of Social Networks The archetype of social networks began to emerge in the 1990s and since this time has moved into a rapid spread of growth. The concept is one which emerged with the development of Web 2.0, which was inclusive of the second generation of the Internet. The objectives with Web 2.0 were based on developing synergetic platforms for information and networking among individuals and groups. The social networks are inclusive of five eras that have developed with platforms that demand different forms of interaction. The original is social relationships, which includes information, discussions and media available on the Internet. This is followed by social functionality, which includes platforms for friending and communication that is developed. The third is social colonization, which began in 2009. This concept is based on individuals that are able to r eceive social connections that override the traditional websites and forms of communication. The era of social context and social commerce has followed, which is allowing the social applications to alter according to likes and experiences as well as with corporations brainish the main components. Each of these eras can be seen in Figure 1. Figure 1 Eras of Social Networking (Owyang, 2009 p 2). Values of Social Networking The eras that have been developed through social networks are furthered with trends and expectations that are a erupt of the emergence of this new form of working with others. The main focus with social networks is to create a comment of social bang-up. This means that the networks are defined specifically by the value of networking with others socially and how this leads to relationships with others. For businesses, media and other institutions, the social capital is becoming a way of adding value and recognition to various needs. Specialist audiences, target g roups and other forms of social media are continuing to emerge into new forms of behaviors and expectations with connecting on the Internet, while new value is organism maintained in terms of communication, dialogue and interactions with others that are using online portals to connect to others socially (Woolcock, 2008 p. 469). The social capital that has

Letters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Letters - Essay ExampleBy including specific reasons for the purchase, it is a clearly defined contentedness of why the buyer would like the product. Also, the exact expectations for delivery date and a reference to a previous telephone conversation both add helpful exposits.Message. Is the message closely organized? Is it well developed with ample use of examples and specific details to corroborate the soulfulnessa of constitution? If not, what can be done to improve the writing in this area?The first paragraph outlines scarcely what the problem is that the order must be placed by the product representative, that the company doesnt show a pending order, and the customer has not received a response from the representative. The second paragraph goes into more detail as to why this is of importance and time-sensitive. The customer besides follows up by attaching the original order.2. The customer could also offer action that will be taken if they dont hear from the representat ive by a true date. For example, if I dont hear from you by this date I will have to purchase the flooring from other company.Message. Is the message well organized? Is it well developed with ample use of examples and specific details to support the purpose of writing? If not, what can be done to improve the writing in this area?Message. Is the message well organized? Is it well developed with ample use of examples and specific details to support the purpose of writing? If not, what can be done to improve the writing in this area?The writer could fly the coop this into two paragraphs, the first stating thanks for the help, the second clarifying what will be done with the advice given. Otherwise, it is well organized. on that point could be examples of the advice and action planned to take.The tone might be a little formal. Obviously the person the letter was written to took a lot of time to respond and offer advice. This would cause one to look at the letter could be a little m ore personal

Public international law, problem question Essay

Public international law, problem gesture - Essay ExampleThe scope of the Convention is restricted. It applies only on those countries that are signatories low the capital of Austria convention. However, treaties on a lower floor Vienna convention has nothing to do with the agreements executed between the states and the international organizations and vice versa. Further, chthonic the utter convention, unwritten agreements are not enforceable 3.In total, there are one hundred and xi states which had signed and ratified the convention whereas 15 states though signed the convention but did not signalize it. Among those countries are Afghanistan, Bolivia, Cambodia, Ghana, El Salvador, Iran, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Nepal, Pakistan, Trinidad, Tobago, United States, and Zambia 4.According to Law on Treaty in Vienna Convention, no responding State can extradite a person to the requesting state for trial and punishable low the law for a period of one year or above besides mor e loathly penalty if they are not executants of the treaties under the Vienna Convention. Moreover, no extradite agreements are in practice between the requesting and the responding realm5.Under the extradition treaty of 1994 which, allows responding country to refuse extradition of a person if that offense culminates to death in the requesting country provided the requesting state assures to the responding country that the man or woman required for trial will not be executed. Further, the treaty has a standard procedure to deal with such(prenominal) issues e.g. the language of documents, procedure under which the documents are to be submitted to the requested country, how an individual can be handed over to the requested country and other relevant issues6.According to the definition of Article 2 of mentioned treaty an offense is extraditable if it is punishable under the laws of both countries by a prison term of at least one year. Attempts and conspiracies to commit such offens es, and participation in the commission of such offenses, are also

Marketing Planning For Wilson Cycles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing preparation For Wilson Cycles - Essay ExampleThe case study of Wilson Cycles reveals that the owners have a vision and have implemented an set aside marketing plan for the success of their business venture. But realizing the demand of the customers and shift in the usage of cycles from vacuous activities to health purposes, it is important that the owners make some changes in their marketing plans. According to Brushett and Franklin, there are quartet most important elements for the successful designing and implementation of marketing plans i.e. knowledge (what are the customer necessitate and demands), research (information about the industry and product so that the compatibility between the two can be determined), center on (clarity about companys direction) and communication (ability to reach the customers with right channels so that they make recurrent purchases). The sons of the owners are aware of the demands of the customers and want to expand their retail acti vities by making proper use of online mediums of communication. The ontogenesis trend of the cycling industry along with the changes happening in the global world, it is recommended that they go ahead with the thirdly options that they are considering which is revamping the Wilson Cycles image to a retail store that has the good range of branded products at inexpensive price ranges.After the first year of operations as rebranding Wilson Cycles, next year it will catch the strategy of developing a triathlon shop as it will provide services for the road and time-trial bikes along with the swimming.with the swimming an

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Questions - Essay ExampleHe was interested by the fact that the species were different. He reason out that the species were different because they dwelled in different environmentsThe concept of natural selection explains how species evolves and genes are passed from generation to the next. Darwin argues that a species fuel develop a functional advantage in that the species grows wing and learn to fly. He asserts that the offspring allow for inherit that advantage and pass it on to the offsprings. On the other hand, those who are disadvantaged but members of the alike species will gradually die and live the superior members of the akin species. Species preserve the functional advantage and that divine service the species to compete in the harsh environment.Darwins explanation of the origin of species in 1859 was criticized by Christians because they believed in gods creation for six days. The natural selection was received with hostility because his bases were not with alignm ent with scriptural descriptions on how Adam and Eve were created. In addition, after the arrival of Darwins theory, scientists conflicted and they did not support the idea of evolution.A vector is a vehicle that transfers genetic materials to a target cell. The significance of vectors is to pass on the genes to the intended cell. For evolution to take place on that point has to be passage of genetic materials from one species to the other. therefrom the vector facilitates the movement of biological traits from one generation to the other.Equilibrium is a principle that explains that genes remain the same from one generation to the other without any disturbing factor. If the situation remains constant then there will be evolution stability. However this can be affected by forces such as mutations, natural selection, non random mating, genetic drift and gene flow.Isolation can promote genetic discrimination through mechanisms such as mutation, genetic drift and natural selection. Allopathic speciation is a

Art and Humanities Essay Example for Free

Art and Hu whileities EssayThe harmony I associate with from my early childhood would be so many different songs from corresponding(p) the rudiment songs. When I grew up we were not allowed soak uping TV so much in the 70s. scarcely we watched some(a) cartoons want the Surfs on Saturday mornings I still remember the song Fa-la-la-la. I grew up listing to reggae and oldies but goodlyies unison on my parents little radio in the living room. When I hear these songs I have a smile on my face. It always reminded me when my children was comprehending to some of the resembling kind of medicament either on Television or radio or when they watched cartoons like disused MacDonald or Bitsy Spider with the same good old folk rhymes. As I got older I remember listening to bands like the S. O. S. , Dazz band. My mom always made me play her cassette deck with her oldies or reggae medicament while she cleaned the house top to bottom. She always danced around while she was cleanin g and it made cleaning looked like so much fun. And to this day if I help my wife with house chores I listen to the same kind of medicinal drug then my have was listening to.My daughter is the exact same way she plays music all the times. The Music I associate with my adolescence is RB disco music from the 1980s and 90s. I loved mostly all of them and I would listen to any songs I want to be your man by Rogers or Keith Sweat Make it last forever, Between the sheets by The Isley Brothers, I could scarce go on and on. I went through many phases where I start listening to Madonna or country music and different artists like them, but I desire it had something do to with being a young male child growing up.Up to this day I could listen to all the same artists, bands or songs and think about the carefree days I had and being a high school boy being crazy with all my friends. But there was a time in my life where I was real crazy and expert listening to rap music and started using th e bad words and believe me that was not for long because my mother got rid of all my rap music quickly. And now if my children would listen to some rap music I tell them please not in my home.When it comes to comfort in music I always find myself going back and listen to oldies or reggae that was alwaysplaying when my mother was cleaning the house. It was an everyday thing for my mom because it seemed that our home was never clean enough for her because we were six children feeler in from football fields dirty or the backyard. But anytime I came into the house the same oldies or reggae music was playing, it was either Bob Marley Buffalo Soldiers or the oldies song Lets stay together by Al Green When I have a bad day or just want to relax I find myself sitting down and turn on music and listen to the 70s or 80s songs, because that is what gets my head clear and then I tail assemblyister focus again.Happiness is a mood I would associate with songs or music that has a good rhythm a nd has a positive message. The song that makes me happy is Buffalo Soldiers by Bob Marley just like my mother, she would play that song over and over again. I would say that every genre and style of music has it songs that are happy, sad, comforting, depressing, fun and any other mood or feeling one could have. This is not because of how the song really sounds or the way its played, its the meaning from the lyrics. But the listener interprets the song in a way that only you can relate to.That is why music is so important to me because it can be a musical time line of our memories. I will always remember the music I grew up with and all the god times I had as a child and this is what I took into my Adulthood. In my life, music has been a constant, ever changing magical and amazing adventure. Music has always been a part of an everyday life for so many old age and so many more years to come, because no matter if we understand the music that the one likes or not it does not matter to us. in all we need to spang is what we like and what impact music has on us. Music may make a person happy or sad because of the memories they re-live. No matter what it might be you must know that music is needed and wanted. References Altschuler, R. J. (2009). The Art of Being Human The Humanities as a Technique for Living. Retrieved from www. youtube. com/watch? v=S5FCdx7Dn0o Retrieved from www. youtube. com/watch? v=RCcg7ctrC4w.

Internationalizing higher education-a case study of Grantchester University Essay Example for Free

Internationalizing high raising-a slipperiness occupy of Grantchester University EssayInternationalization in the bea of higher education has become one of the most talked virtually issues in recent times. In fact, in the form of internationalisation of higher education one of the most big global changes of current item has been manifested. The event of internationalisation of higher education is conceptualized in different counsels by different people. For example, some(a) see internationalization in the field of higher education as a normal extension of universities traditional shipment to learning and as a abut of companionship exchange. However, for some people internationalization is nonhing besides an innovative response by the universities to the opportunities in external market (Windham, 1996 Trilokekar, 2007). Whatever be the way of conceptualizing the process of internationalization of higher education, it has been accepted as an important issue in the field of higher education. unmatchable crucial issue regarding internationalization of higher education is that there is lack of theoretical studies that could supply guidelines for those universities which ar thinking about going international.Actually, theoretical studies are lagging far behind the practical execution of the process nether consideration. Thus it is found that in most of the typesetters cases internationalization has a tendency to take a leak place in an unplanned and incremental way (Welch and Denman, 1997 Wit, 2002) and thus it posses various paradoxs and challenges to the circumspection of the institution which is bug outuriency the process of internationalization.Here a case study will be conducted to identify one aboriginal challenge that a University commission can face while they implement the technique of internationalization in the field of higher education and provide recommendation to solve the issue using theoretical k promptlyledge and em pirical evidences. For the purpose of this study Grantchester University of UK will be taken under consideration as the university has taken an important step to go international. It has made effort to internationalize its educational system.It has undertaken a program for providing higher education to the students residing in far flung places by sending its energy to those places. This paper will analyse the case study of Grantchester University in order to find a single key challenge the management of the university is face up and to find a way out. First, a rigorous summary of the case study will be provided, then a key challenge will be identified on the basis of the analysis and finally a strategy will be recommended and justified on the basis of existing management and organizational theories and empirical evidences.Analysis of the case study Grantchester University is a relatively parvenu university in the northwest of England. It is a quite large institution which was defecated through the merger of three colleges having root going ski binding to 1880 a teacher training college, a technical college and an art condition. In 1983, a Business trail was formed under the flagship of the then Grantchester Polytechnic. This barter school under Grantchester University will be examined.This business school eventually has grown to build the largest cogency in the present university with having 4,000 full time students with 500 macrocosm registered on postgraduate programmes. As a part of the process of internationalization, in the last few days the senior management of the business school has negotiated a number of collaborative agreements with overseas universities, primarily in an effort to take advantage of the opportunities presented in an increasingly globalised higher education sector.As in case of most of the British universities, in Grantchester University likewise the proportion of overseas students studying has been increasing graduall y, particularly in the business school. In this segment around 10 part of undergraduate students and around 40 percent of postgraduate, 75 percent of which are full time post graduate students, are coming from exterior of the European Union. However, the senior management has identified a number of factors which are reservation further involution of international belief in the university campus soccupationatic.These factors include the size of the current university campus and cost of land in the city, the perceived carrying capacity of the city of Grantchester, the increasingly problematic economic environment, increasing competition from universities in countries providing the traditional germ of overseas students to the UK, for example in China, India etc. , and the changing immigration regulations. Thus the management has started to concentrate on another resource program for becoming internationalized in the field of higher education.The business school is now paying mor e attention on sending its academic staffs overseas to teach there in collaboration with local staffs. Actually gifting educational program overseas has become a new motility in the field of higher education and the university vice chancellor is quite aware of the trend and hence she has decided to deliver some of universitys more popular educational programmes overseas, either in new campuses overseas or in some sort of partnership with local universities.The Business School was introductory chosen to follow this path of internationalization because of its size and the perceived strength of its programmes to pilot the strategy. The management of the business school has designed courses that are generally delivered to full time as well as part time students overseas. All overseas teaching is conducted in partnership with local colleges which are based in the country of delivery. Under the current teaching mental faculty developed by the management a faculty portion of the Unive rsity is generally employed for overseas teaching on a two year fond regard in each country of operation.Every study module is delivered to the students through the partnership of a module teacher sent by the University and a local teacher. The module teacher of Grantchester has to visit the partner college and delve a series of lectures to students and attend seminars over a single week. During this single week visit he also conduct meeting with partner teachers in order to devise strategy of staff development. thence it is the responsibility of the partner teacher to conduct tutorials and seminars supporting and building on the block sessions.Although assessment materials are prepared by the module tutor, student conk is marked by the partner tutor, with only 10 percent sample of student work being moderated by the module leader. In order to piss efficient course delivery the management has to arrange overseas transits for the faculties and teaching schedule in such a way th at courses are delivered in timely manner. The management provides allowance for business class set off to the faculties.The faculty members who are scheduled to go overseas are required to book tickets at least three months in advance through the Associate Dean responsible. Staff wishing to check alternative arrangements approved on an exceptional basis must seek approval from the associate Dean responsible. twain FT and PT delivery modes consist of 6 nights maximum accommodation overseas and 6 nights preventative allowance at the approved rate (currently ? 50. 00 per day). The current model is however not free from problems.A number of problems are associated with this current module of overseas teaching. Faculties of Grantchester who have already visited other countries for the purpose of delivering study module have expressed their grievances over certain issues. Last minute scheduling of overseas slip ups for the faculties have been a major problem for the management. The current system of organizing trips to overseas seems to be ad hoc in genius which is creating problem not only to the higher authority but also to the faculties who are assigned the trips on short period notice.During the case study it has been found that the management was dealing with the problem of arranging academic staffs for some particular session as the management did not able to find out academic staffs who could participate in that session even when only one and half months remained in the hand of management where the program necessitates booking of outflows three months before the delivery schedule. The management was looking for some one who was under profiled as the business school was not in a position to pay for overtime.Although the management some how managed to bring out required staffs for sending overseas for that particular session, this genial of ad hoc nature of scheduling trips create huge problems for faculties as they have to go other countries for deli vering course module on short period notice. Another problem associated with the issue of scheduling trips is that management is quite idle in informing faculties about any changes in the scheduled trips on an emergency basis.For example, in 2008-09 for the February session Peter Smith was say to leave to deliver course module to the students of Star College on 8th February, but due to some problem the lectures that were scheduled to be given on WC February 9th got cancelled and the lectures were rearranged on WC February 16th. The management, however, did not bother to permit Peter know about this change as soon as the decision was taken by the management. He was informed two weeks later giving him only little time to change his flight booking.Last minute scheduling of overseas tours also provides the faculties with little time for preparing themselves for teaching overseas students. They get little time to get acquainted with the course module and get confused about what to deli ver to the overseas students. One the faculty members who has already gone through this problem has described his experience. He suffered the problem of this kind of ad hoc nature of planning in his very first trip to overseas. This faculty member was asked to go to Far Off to deliver the induction programme for the first cohort of students on a very short period notice.He received the email only two weeks before he needed to fly out. He was provided with the paperwork, i. e. the course material only before he left for the trip so that he could read it on the plane, and hence he hadnt had the chance to prepare or fully understand what was being proposed in the documentation. He wasnt aware of the course structure or even the module content. It seemed crazy, but the authority wanted him to run a week of course induction for the new students and had drafted him the course material at the last minute.As he did not get plenty time to prepare himself for delivering course material, the prize of teaching according to him was not up to the mark. The management is also suffering with problem of delivering allowances to their faculty members on time for their trips to overseas. The university is liable to pay allowances for traveling and accommodation to the faculty members. But the case study has revealed that some faculty members were not provided with the stipulated allowances even after a grand time of since completing their visits.For example, according to a faculty member although the travel arrangements and the hotel accommodations were satisfactory, it was three months since she returned and still had not received her expenses and disturbance allowance. Not only that, she also did not have any clear mood regarding how to chase these up. It is the responsibility of the university management to cristal a clear idea regarding all aspects of these overseas tours and providing allowances no time.She did not bother very much about the issue of reimbursement and expressed her satisfaction over the trip and expressed her wish to go for another one as it was only her first trip. But if she faces this kind of reimbursement problem everytime she goes overseas for fulfilling the goal of internationalization of the university, she might not be ready to continue this or this could negatively affect the persona of teaching as she will not be sure about whether she will be paid off for delivering lectures.For any international teaching organization, success depends on the quality of teaching. In recent times many organizations many educational institutions are going for internationalization with an push back to cash in on new market opportunities and least bother about providing high quality education. Looking at these kind of intentions of most of the international educational organizations, a number of countries are making some regulations for overseas universities running programs in those countries.Granchester University is also confronting t his problem in some of the countries where it has been running its overseas programmes. For example, Ethnocentrica, one of the countries that Grantchester has been teaching in, has recently introduced tighter regulation of overseas universities running programmes there. This is, at least in part, because of business that such teaching is perceived as primarily a means of cashing in on the harvest-home in education globally.A number of universities operate in Ethnocentrica and the government is worried by the emergence number of complaints about poor quality teaching and assessment. One of the key regulations stipulates that overseas universities must provide full Professors for all teaching of university courses delivered in Ethnocentrica in order to enhance teaching quality. But the problem with Grantchester is that it employs only few full professors as they are more interested in research work and the university is basically a teaching university which does not pay much attent ion on research works.A key challenge to the University management Through the rigorous analysis of the case study presented above, one topic has come out that all the problems discussed above would result in deterioration in the quality of teaching which is essential for an international organization like Granchester University. It is one of the vital responsibilities of the management to ensure that the faculty members offer quality teaching to overseas students.All the problems revealed through the case study ultimately boils down to a vital problem relating to the quality of teaching. Thus it is the issue of providing high quality teaching to overseas students that is posing challenge to the management of the University. The university authority requires to manage its human resources, i. e. the academic staffs in such a way that quality teaching can be provided. This issue of providing high quality teaching is extremely important and relevant fro conducting the process of inter nationalization efficiently.

Domestic violence Essay Example for Free

national violence EssayI declare that this assessment is my admit naturalise, based on my throw person-to-person research/ line of business . I in like manner declare that this assessment, nor parts of it, has non been previously submitted for each other unit/module or course, and that I nonplus non copied in part or wholly or otherwise plagiarised the work of another schoolchild and/or persons. I pull in tape the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and understand its implications. Competency Assignments Task 2 font StudyCHCDFV301A Recognise respond appropriately to municipal family violence CHCDFV402C Manage profess professional instruction in responding to domestic family violenceNOTE Read the case study below. Answer the questions listed below in your own words using the case study as the basis for your answers. Do not work or share answers with other students in this course when completing thisassignment task.Assignment task 2 Due Su nday 2nd February 2014Case study (approx 1200-1500 words)Case studyYou are a student support counseling in a university. Judy, a first-year student of Aboriginal descent, comes to see you as she is struggling with her studies and says that she would like to talk to you active whether university is obligation for her. As you talk with Judy she tells you that one of the reasons she is struggling to study and finish her assignments on time is that she has had to contend on peculiar(a) work in the evenings and weekends to support her brother, who has locomote in with her since he lost his job a couple of months ago. Judy tells you that she is happy to support her brother financially until he gets back on his feet but that it is difficult as she now needs to work the extra hours, as well as looking after the ho occasion and cleaning up after her brother and his friends, who spend most nights drinking and smoking in the house.Judy expresses concern for her brother who she says is very stressed since he lost his job and easily irritable. She wants to talk to him about(predicate) getting another job and doing his share rough the house, but she is anxious about doing so because he can get very angry. You notice that Judy has a cut on her head and some bruising on her arms but when you ask her about it she dismisses it, saying that sometimes her brother talks with his fists and that shes fine.1.Explain your responsibilities as the counsellor in this internet site. We must support, recollect her, be nonjudgmental, have empathy and be congruent with Judy. We must not make judgements. Judy needs to know that this is not her fault and that there is programs and ways to help not just her but her brother, and this can be through without the police and him beingness put in jail, as this is the preferred way of her culture. Judy must be told about where we stand on confidentiality and let her know that in certain circumstance the counsellor has a sanctioned duty t o extend. We must know our limitations on how we can help and refer Judy to the right place.2. What legal issuescould be present in this moorage?It is a criminal offence in Australia to be violent. However we have a duty of care and confidentiality that also needs to be considered. It is important to talk to clients who are experiencing domestic violence before reporting (if possible) so they feel supported rather than judged, this reas accredited them that they are not responsible for the violence but the abuser is. If the person is in immediate danger you must report it. Your organisation may have protocols and policies that address domestic and family violence that you must follow. All counsellors should be sensitive of domestic and family violence policies, this should be easily accessible at work.3. What interrelated issues are present in this situation?Judy feels that she has a duty to support her brother as this is expected of her. Judys brother being unemployed, cultural expectations, having loss of self-esteem, having her brother be financially dependent on her and her brother having a do drugs and alcohol dependency are all interrelated issues.4. What criteria would you use to assess risk in this situation? The primary rule of assessment must be to believe her, and start intervention, states Walker (1984, as cited in James, 2008). I would also need to assess, the severity of the situation, the clients current emotional state, immediate psychosocial and guard duty needs, level of clients current coping skills and resources. I would need to listen, be supportive, reinforce her right to her personal power and if Judy is just in her environment, I would also inform her of what options and support there is for her.5. What strategies would you use to help Judy?I would reassure Judy that it is not her fault, I would not make judgements about her situation or judge her on decisions that she makes. I would need to listen to what Judy has to say, be suppo rtive and reinforce her right to take control and make decisions for herself. Letting her know that she can feel free to talk about her abuse. I would let her know that she is not alone and that there are others that have been in the same situation as she is in. I would help her to make a safety plan that she can put into carry through if needed. I would give Judy phone numbers that she can ring when she needsto. Helping Judy feel safe and letting her know that she is not alone, will reassure her.6. What cultural issues may you need to consider when running(a) with Judy? I would have to consider Judys aboriginal background and the fact they we were brought up antithetically. We have different beliefs and cultures. I would need to be sensitive to Judys needs and cultural differences.7. How might your own determine and beliefs impact on your ability to work with Judy? How might you overcome these? I would need to make sure that I was emotionally and qualified to help in this situa tion. I need to make sure that I put my own values aside and not make judgements of Judy. I have to recognise my own limitations and to know when this is impacting on the counselling sessions. Being aware of my own perspective of the situation helps me to recognise my own biases and values. I could overcome them by talking to my supervisor, this will benefit me and the client. If I could not overcome my own values and beliefs I must refer the client, as the client would not benefit having me as a counsellor. I have to take into account of the law and any changes to legislation.8. What aspects of this situation might a counsellor be required to keep records of and/or report on? I would need to keep records of her name, address, what happened, when it happened and what step were taken. I would need to keep records of anything that may be used in a legal situation. If any police/medical reports were made. I would need to keep records of all domestic violence situations that I have bee n told about.9. What referral options might you consider for Judy?Some of the options for Judy is the domestic hotline, aboriginal liaison officer, mental health, Aboriginal Family Violence cake and Legal Service, drug and alcohol centre. I would find out if they have womens patrols and sobering-up shelters in her area, as this would take into account her aboriginal background and remove her brother from the home without putting him in jail, I could also find out if there is a program that would help heal the offender. I would also advise Judy of Centrelink and the housing commission, as she and her brother may not be aware of the help that they could fulfill from them. I would give Judy a list of organisations who she could ring if she needed to. I would also speak to my supervisor.

National Minimum Drinking Age Act Essay Example for Free

National tokenish potable shape up Act EssayThe universal question should the time for swallow be lowered? In my psycheal faith, I believe that the insobriety age should be lowered to railway cardinal from twenty dollar bill bingle for various intellectuals. The legal imbibing age is currently twenty-one, except the illegal alcohol addiction age is e genuinelything under. why is the main question asked. Some people believe that twenty one is too high to be the minimum age to be able to legally drink and differents feel that it is the perfect age. This case is very huge and has been debated for years. The United States drinking age has gone up and d declare and in 1984, it went up to twenty one. Many events took place before the drinking age went up. It all began when the United States lento tried to shun alcoholic beverage in every state for every person no matter what your age was.They did succeed. This is called hindrance. Prohibition take ined in 1919 and lasted until 1933. When Prohibition initiationed, the Constitution gained the 18th Am oddmentment. The 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, import, or export of alcoholic beverages. However, this amendment was removed(p) in 1933 by the 21th amendment, which made beer and other alcohol legal. Once Prohibition ended, each state created their own set of drinking laws. Some were twenty one others were eigh stripling, and then some in between. This lasted for a hardly a(prenominal) years, but then the Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 came along. This act forced all states to potpourri their drinking age to twenty one or lose part of the Federal-aid highway funds.It also utter the states should pass laws that helped fight drunk driving. So, the drinking ages were set to twenty one, but this can change. Prohibition and condom writes, interchangeable underground drinking, are all factors that essential be considered in making this decision. Because of these f actors, the national drinking age of the United States should be lowered from twenty one to eighteen.Think for a moment on how some(prenominal) young adult or teenagers illegally drink modest. It is a fact that to a greater extent than ternary in four teenagers consume alcohol when they are high school seniors. A big issue for underage drinking is where the underage drinkers actually do the drinking. It is known to people that underage drinking goes on, but where and when they do it, is something to look for. Because no one wants to nark in trouble for drinking, those who are underage start taking part in underground drinking.Underground drinking is when people under the drinking age drink alcohol without the knowledge of anyone. People go away bring alcohol anywhere, standardized a party, and drink it without their parents knowing. The police search for underage drinking, but, even they know that once the underage drinkers are caught, they will keep doing it. The difference i s that this time, they will be smarter closely it and hide it better than the time before. Wed influence a party where we know theres underage drinking. We would seal the house. Surround the house with officersWe wrote hundreds and hundreds of tickets those years. All we did is we pushed it further underground. (Mark Beckner, the nous of police in Boulder, Colo.)The problem with drinking without anyone knowing can be very knockout and mortal could get seriously sick from alcohol poisoning, or go completely out of control and digest themselves. If people under the drinking age hide when they drink, they will not want to tell anyone like an adult because they do not want to get in trouble. So, if no one wants to get in trouble, then no one will tell anyone if someone gets seriously sick. on that point are cases in which people have died because their friends who they were drinking with were afraid of the police. As a result, it took a couple hours for anyone to say anything, an d by the time they did, it was too late to really do anything. a college freshman, Gordie Bailey, who died of alcohol poisoning during a club celebration.The fraternity members left him on a couch for 9 hours before someone called 911. He died because, harmonize to Gordies parents, the other college kids were too scared to call for help because the drinking was underage. A lesson can be knowledgeable through this event and all the others just like it. If people under twenty one were more supervised, then adults could stop those who are drinking from getting woe or be there to come upon sure they get help. It is very difficult to completely stop underage drinking, but we could work against it. If the drinking age was lowered, then there can be more supervision.Young adults at the age of eighteen generally go to college where there is a lot of alcohol usage. Perhaps if the drinking age was eighteen, those underage drinkers would not hide and be controlled by the police and therefo re, stay much safer. Prohibition took place in the 1850s for certain states and the 1920s for the entire country. Prohibition was the time when the whole county, every age, was banned from drinking. Prohibition was sibylline to lower crime and corruption, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, solve social problems, and make the wellness and hygiene in America better.At first, alcohol consumption lowered, but as time went by, it change magnitude once more. Of course, everything they were trying to fix or lower went higher and out of control. Alcohol became more dangerous to consume crime change magnitude and became organized the court and prison systems were stretched to the breaking point and corruption of creation officials was rampantProhibition removed a significant source of tax revenue and greatly increased government spending. (Mark Thornton, O. P. Alford III Assistant Professor of Economics at Auburn University.) People also did drugs because of the de privation of alcohol. Just think if that didnt take place, then these dangerous things wouldnt have happened. However, we did learn from it.For instance, we learn that banning it didnt work. The alcohol consumption grew during Prohibition to most 60-70 percent of its pre Prohibition level, then slowly dropped to 70 percent, but after Prohibition ended, the alcohol consumption went from 70 percent to 40 percent. The reason it went up is because people were protesting. Basically, the Prohibition didnt completely stop the use of alcohol, it just made things worse. Since the alcohol is banned from those under twenty one, people under twenty one are drinking more, so moving the drinking age down to eighteen would definitely work. As always, there are those who dissent with lowering the drinking age back to eighteen. They feel that twenty one is the proper age to start to take part drinking.People feel that those underage of twenty one cant distribute alcohol and tend to not know when to stop. single reason is that they become drunk more speedily than adults and adults dont become dunk as often. There are also facts that state how many lives have been save and how many less accidents there have been. It is true that the number of fatal car accidents have decreased by thirteen percent for those between the ages of eighteen and twenty. That decrease saved about 21,887 people between the years 1975-2002. Others believe that the Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) can hurt the students academic career and also cause him or her to become an alcoholic easier. There are also some people who are afraid that they will become more senile to do certain things.For example, young adults might be more likely to become involved in drug abuse, depression, unplanned or unprotected sex, violence, and other social ills if they drink. Also, people are worried about driving because, Americans drive more than Europeans who have a drinking age of sixteen, seventeen, or eighteen. On t he other side, there are those people who want and are pro lowering the drinking age to eighteen. One reason is that people wont get much of a thrill about drinking if they are used to being able to do it. Eventually, drinking alcohol will start to get normal and will not feel as important anymore. Besides, it is all about how responsible that person is. Anyone over or under the drinking age can drinking too much and end up hurting themselves.People also must consider the fact that underage drinking does go on, and it goes on unsupervised. If the drinking age is lowered, then those who arent supervised can be. Prohibition and safety issues, like underground drinking are truly good reasons to consider lowering the drinking age to eighteen. This topic has truly been discussed for years. People are either for lowering it, against it, or just do not know. unless there are surly plenty of facts for the pro and con sides. To make the right decision, one must look at the history. As learne d from history, banning alcohol only made things worse. Then, if one looked at how underground drinking could kill people if others around are too afraid to call 911 and hazard getting in trouble, they should realize that if people were more supervised and didnt have to hide, then those homeless events wouldnt happen. The choice is simple. Lowering the drinking age to eighteen can be safer.CitationsG., Harold, Wyoming, and MI. Drinking Age Should Be Lowered Teen Essay on Drugs Teen Ink. Teen Ink A teen literary magazine and website. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. http//teenink.com/opinion/drugs_alcohol_smoking/article/48104/Drinking-Age-Should-Be-Lowered/. Engs, Ruth C.. Why the drinking age should be lowered An opinion based upon research . Why the drinking age should be lowered An opinion based upon research . N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. http//www.indiana.edu/engs/articles/cqoped.html . National Youth Rights Association Legislative Analysis of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. National Youth Rights Association . N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. http//www.youthrights.org/research/library/legislative-analysis-of-the-national-minimum-drinking-age-act/. Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age?. Drinking Age ProCon.org . N.p., n.d. Web. 27

Pharaonic Civilization Essay Example for Free

Pharaonic cultivation EssayPharaonic Civilization Civilization of the ancient Egyptians is the civilization that Egypt lived under the pharaohs with 30 different families. The pharaohs began regnant Egypt in 3000 B. C. , they considered themselves to be living gods who ruled with absolute power (Pharaohs, 2010). The ancient Egyptian excelled in building. They hold back pyramids as testimony of their greatness. Also, they left a significant cultural momentum in science, art of embalming and symbols for gods and goddesses they believed in.The Egyptian PyramidsThe pharaohs believed that death on the landed estate was just the start of a journey to the next world, and all the certainty referred to that the pharaohs worked in their life preparing for the later onlife. As so, they built the pyramids to be their tombs, to keep their jewelries and their bodies to take it with them to the other life. Booth (2010) utter that it was believed that if the discarded body were preserve d, it would remain a focus for the spirit that had left it, exerting an attraction that pulled it down to earth (para. 1).Pyramids of El-GizaThere are many pyramids have found in Egypt, but the most famous collar are those which found in El-Giza, couple hundred meters south from Cairo. The ternion pyramids are Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure. Khufu pyramid in any case know as the Great Pyramid is considered as the tallest pyramids and the oldest wonder of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Great Pyramid necessarily more than 10. 000 laborers working in three-month shifts took around 30 years to build the pyramid (Egyption Antiquities Organization, 2001). All the three pyramids of El-Giza contain corridors led to the chambers inside each one.For example, according to Romer (2007), There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid. The lowest chamber is cut into the bedrock upon which the pyramid was built and was unfinished. The queen Chamber, Kings Chamber are higher up withi n the pyramid structure. Not only the magnitude of the pyramids which make it famous and great, but also the archaeologists have found many mysterious about the pyramids. For instance, the sides of all three of the Giza pyramids were astronomically oriented to the north-south and east-west with no any piffling fraction of degree.In addition, they found that the pyramid of Menkaure contains a small hole in one side of the pyramid does not exceed 20 cm in diameter. The secret of this hole is that the sunlight enters through that hole only one day a year to the tomb of the pharaoh completely, the odd thing is this day is the Pharaohs birthday, according to Kamal (2000). The Sphinx The largest and most famous sphinx is the Great Sphinx of El-Giza. The sphinx is fit(p) in the north and below the pyramids. The ancient Egyptians believed that king of beastss are symbolism for power.So, the king Khafre symbolized himself in a lion body with his head. Also, some researchers said that he c onsidered himself as the guard of the pyramids. Mummification Preservation of human bodies after death is usually known by two expressions, Embalming and Mummification. Undoubtedly, mummification is the most distinctive technique or art which developed in Ancient Egypt. As I said at first, the pharaohs believed that keeping their bodies lead help the spirit to find its body when its the time to join the afterlife journey.Mummification Process accord to Alchin (2012), the embalmers used a range of tools during the mummification process (some of which were left inside the mummies). The embalmers tools include bronze hooks, knives, tweezers, needles and awls (a small point tool used for making holes) for opening, emptying and closing up the corpse. The mummification process which included the removal of organs were conducted on a special slightly slanted table which allowed the blood and corporate fluids to drain into a built in basin. The removal organs was placed in 4 jars as follo w * The container with the human head protect the liver.The container with the Baboon(kind of Monkeys) head protect the lungs. * The container with the falcon head protect the intestine. * The container with the shake off head protect the stomach. The embalming processes were accompanied by rituals stand for more than two months. Specifically, the process lasted for a accomplishment of 70 days divided into 15 days spent on cleansing and purification, 40 days drying period, and 15 days wrapping, bandaging and paintings. Then, the wrapped body was put in more than one coffin. Sometimes, up to five coffins, and the last one must have the buried pharaohs face.

Human history Essay Example for Free

Human taradiddle EssayHuman history has witnessed numerous examples of bouts. Our history has taught us that wars ar unique by nature. varied philosophers at polar times were trying to generate solid philosophicalal dispositions of what war and scheme were. As a result, we possess sufficient theoretical basis for discussing the philosophical baseations of war, yet we pay non been cap able to predict our armed services failures. After the end of WWII the world has finally interpreted a deep breath, and spate were confident that force out would never enter their lives again. However, we are still surrounded by constant risks of war, and overcompensate witnessing the acts of violence, and murders. Certainly, contemporary wars are completely different from those at the beginning of the 20th century the development of the new-fashioned weaponry types and communication technologies, have sullen the simplest host actions into highly sophisticated acts. The war in Iraq has critically impacted the force ease in the world, and it is interesting to see, how Iraqi war would be explained through the optical prism of various philosophic works.Clausewitz On war Carl von Clausewitz has written a well grounded research on the philosophical system of war. His theoretical assumptions make it possible to distinguish philosophic implications of legions actions. Having evaluated what war is, Clausewitz was able to create a general structure of war, and I think that his ideas are easily use to the issues of the war in Iraq. War is nonhing but a duel on an extreme scale. If we would conceive as a whole the countless number of duels which make up a war, we shall do so best by supposing to ourselves twain wrestlers.Each strives by physical force to compel the other to submit his will to his will distributively endeavours to impel his adversary, and thus render him incapable of further resistance (Clausewitz 1989, p. 4). Although, this Clausewitz definiti on is very objective, grounded, and universally relevant (any war implies the fight of several(prenominal) opp iodinnts for world-beater), thither are some amendments which should be made in toll of war in Iraq.It is laborious to admit, but it is true, that the war in Iraq is nothing more than the fight for power Clausewitz does not distinguish whether this might be economic, social, or military power, or some other different aspect of governmental superiority. Clausewitz risks applying limited perspectives to discussing what war is. In the fight between the two wrestlers, only one of them initially seeks superiority. As a result, at the initial stage of war, only one of the opponents fights for power and superiority.Clausewitz supports this trace stating that two motives lead men to war instinctive hostility and hostile intention. In our definition of war, we have chosen as its characteristic the latter of these elements, because it is the most general. Has the U. S. st impos tureed the war in Iraq with hostile intentions? Probably, it has. umpteen of us entreat the fact that the U. S. military actions in Iraq were primarily aimed at promoting democracy in the country.To be objective, hardly any democracy endure survive in the whirl of blood, murders, terrorist acts and violence caused by military actions. However, in the fight between Iraq and the U. S. Clausewitz calculates to have neglected one essential stage of developing military actions the first stage is the military intervention, and it hardly looks as the fight of the two wrestlers. On the contrary, its image is convertible to unexpected blow on the side of the opponent to which another wrestler cannot stand and falls.The situation expound by Clausewitz is actually the next stage of war. Iraq required certain period of time to gather it specialty and to enter the war as an equal. At the stage when we started to receive the reports on murders and terrorist acts against American soldiers, one could intimate that the war has turned into the discussed fight. However, in this fight one of the opponents was trying to prove his superiority, while the other well-tried his best to brook the integrity of his physical territory and peace in the country.We cannot but agree with Clausewitz that war is never an isolated act, and it is never a separated single military blow. War does not shrink up suddenly, it does not spread to the full in a moment each of the two opponents can, therefore, wee-wee an opinion of the other, in a great measure, from what he is and what he does, instead of judging of him according to what he, purely speaking, should be or should do (Clausewitz 1989, 5) The war in Iraq had long prehistory. The linked States were continuously trying to defend their position in this military conflict.It was distinct that the war was inevitable. As a result it is difficult to argue the position of Clausewitz. Actually, the work of Clausewitz seems to be very cl ose to what we currently witness in Iraq. Of course, we do not know much as none of us has fortunately participated in this campaign. both we have at our disposal are news reports and other secondary information, but this secondary information allows analyzing the levelts in Iraq from the viewpoints of several philosophers. Clausewitz creates a philosophic picture of war.He implies that war does not change its face, and the structure of military actions and interactions remains unchanged, no matter at what historical period of our development a war may occur. This does not really matter, whether we use nuclear weapons or fight in the open sea the war is unceasingly the utmost use of force, which does not infract out of sudden, and which is the means of proving ones superiority. Jablonski Roots of dodge In his work, David Jablonski has evaluated the works of the four theorists, as apply to military actions and military strategies.It is surprising, that Jablonski was able to av oid deviate in his discussion. It is even more surprising, that the works of philosophers written at the beginning of the 20th century seem to have predicted the exact course of events during the war in Iraq. This, on the one hand, continues the line found in the work of Clausewitz the essence of military actions remains unchanged through the centuries. On the other hand, Jablonskis plectron helps us understand WHY the U. S. was involved into the war in Iraq, and has actually initiated it. In the get together States our mint have been slow to realize the changed conditions.Isolated as we have been from possible enemies, the citizenry could see minuscular chance for aggression by others. Separated as we are from Europe by the Atlantic, and from Asia by the peace-loving which form most certain and tremendously strong defensive barriers, we seemed to be protected by the fancy of the Almighty. The vulnerability of the whole country to aircraft as distinguished from the old cond itions that obtained when the frontiers or the coast had to be penetrated in advance an invasion of the country could be made, has greatly interested the people of the nation (Jablonski 1999, 452)What facts do we have in the war against Iraq? First, the U. S. has for long been isolated from others aggression. Even during WWII the U. S. was not directly involved into military actions. The terrorist acts of 2001 have been a tremendous shocking therapy to the whole American nation. The continuous isolation from the direct aggression has made the U. S. undetectable towards possible military and terrorist threats. The image of the almighty nation was rather exaggerated, and the events of 9/11 have be this assumption.The terrorist attacks had to attract the assist of the U. S. to its vulnerability and to eliminate the discussed senselessness, but the country has misinterpreted these events. The senselessness has turned into aggression against the states which were venture in promotin g terrorism (Iraq is in the top list of such promoters). As far as the United States has not experienced any acts of continuous aggression, which it could not stand, it has not fully realized the continuous effectuate of military actions brought into Iraqi land.In the introduction to his confine, David Jablonski puts emphases on the most critical elements of war. Modern military forces unremarkably work in an environment in which the major dilemma is that of properly matching continuity and change. the karyon attribute to such thinking is to imagine the future as it may be when it becomes the past(a) a thing of complex continuity. Thus, planning continuity and looking at military actions through the prism of the past is the significant element in making this strategy reasonable and justified. What are continuous impacts that the U.S. has caused onto the Iraqi cosmos? These are economic defeat, and the need to restore all social and political structures of the country. It is still unclear whether the U. S. was able to promote democratic ideals in Iraq, but it is evident that it has failed to apply the principles of continuity through the past to planning the Iraqi military strategy. Jablonski states that the significance of the theoretical works he discussed in his book is in that they are presented in a structured manner, and can be easily understood and applied in practice.It seems that both the U. S. in its war in Iraq, and the terrorists in their 9/11 attacks have applied the principles discussed by Jablonski sometimes implicitly, more frequently explicitly, they created images of how forward pass destruction of vital centers, could bring a nation to its knees. After all, there were the examples of mass panic on the home fronts and mutiny in the trenches during the recent war. Similar to Clausewitz, who creates parallels between military actions and wrestling, Jablonski also underlines the importance of the sudden effect.Consequentially, we co me to understanding an interesting military controversy military campaigns cannot be sudden, but the sudden effect of aerial or other destruction lots determines the success of the plotted military campaign. These two elements are integral to the U. S. intervention to Iraq, too. Liddell-Hart Strategy There are the two crucial elements which make Liddell-Harts view applicable to the war in Iraq first, the author extensively researches the historical implications of specific military actions, and second, he does not expand his research to broader notions, but is rather concentrated on the cause-effect research.His book is in many instances similar to that of Clausewitz. This is why the author is initially biased. In both works the reviewer meets identical philosophical parallels To move along the line of natural expectation consolidates the opponents balance and thus increases his resisting power. In war, as in wrestling, the attempt to throw the opponent without loosening his footh old and disconcerting the balance results in self-exhaustion, increasing in disproportionate ration to the effective strain upon him.Success by such method only becomes possible through an immense margin of superior strength in some form and, even so, tends to lose decisiveness. (Liddell-Hart 1991, 5) In this citation, we find many elements which have already been found in other philosophical works loosening foothold may be paralleled to the sudden aerial attacks, while moving along the line of natural expectation is similar to complying with the principles of continuity and thorough planning. Simultaneously, it is difficult to apply this statement to the military actions in Iraq. If the U. S.used Liddell-Harts philosophical implications in developing its strategy in Iraq, it would never apply the means of sudden attack against the Iraqi nation. People in Iraq would not know what means macrocosm bombed. As a result, the U. S. would risk losing its reigning positions. The philoso phic perspective created by Liddell-Hart is hardly applicable to the war in Iraq or to any other military campaign in contemporary world. In addition, when Liddell-Hart speaks about morale in war, he represents its too idealistic image the violence of American soldiers against Iraqi people eliminates any possibility to link morale to the war in Iraq.Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince A prince ought to have no other aim or thought, nor select anything else for his theme, than war and its rules and discipline for this is the sole art that belongs to him who rules, and it is of such force that it not only upholds those who are born princes, but it often enables men to evolve from a private station to that rank. This is another aspect of the war in Iraq, described in the equipment casualty of Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince. As Hitler used the war to prove his superiority and to create the nation of Aryans, the U. S.seems to be in constant need to prove its superiority to other nations. Several recent decades have turned into the days of constant fight, in which the U. S. eternally positioned itself as the leading and powerful nation Vietnam, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Yugoslavia, and finally, Iraq who is going to be the next? Machiavelli makes special emphasis on the importance for the prince to understand and to possess the art of war a prince who does not understand the art of war, over and above other misfortunes already mentioned, cannot be respected by his soldiers, nor can he rely on them. (Machiavelli, 2006)The best information and intelligence resources have been employed to develop a sound military strategy towards Iraq, yet the U. S. was not able to display a skilful come up towards Iraqi intervention. Numerous deaths of the American soldiers and their softness to find common language with the native population, whom they had to protect, suggest that the United States did not possess any sound military skills. Expectation of palmy victory usually leads to easy failure. The war in Iraq has displayed the U. S. inability to analyze the world military history, about which Machiavelli speaks.The author refers to the importance for the prince to study the actions of illustrious men and to see how they behaved themselves during war. Being powerful does not mean being non-educated being powerful means being skillful, reasonable, and objective. Military failures in Vietnam and Yugoslavia have not taught the U. S. any meaningful lessons. In banknote from Clausewitz, Liddell-Hart, and Jablonski, Machiavelli did not apply any historical perspectives to evaluating military strategies, but he was wise enough to accentuate the importance of historical lessons, and of the ability to properly evaluate these lessons.Peter Paret Makers of Modern Strategy While Clausewitz applied the painting parallels to researching war, Paret has performed a profound research of several philosophic writings related to the topic of war. All authors he discussed in his book sought to answer several crucial questions whether it was possible to evaluate war, whether it was a viable tool of foreign policy, and how ethical war was. Parets views are directly connected with the understanding of nuclear threats as applied to military strategies. Parets book is actually the selection of the major philosophic works and their evaluation.It seems that modern philosophers try to distance themselves from creating their own ideas about war, but prefer analyzing the ideas of others as applied to contemporary political and military environment. In the introduction to his book, Paret writes that strategy is the use of armed force to carry out the military objectives and, by extension, the political purpose of the war. To those engaged in the direction and conduct of war, strategy has often appeared more simply, in Moltkes phrase, as a system of expedients Thus, war is initially the conjunction of political and military ideas.The war in Iraq is also the combi nation of political and military aims, but which of them prevails? In his book, Paret often cannot make a case. He states that Machiavelli lived during the time when warfare was unregulate and thus the relevance of his assumptions could decrease. However, who says that our warfare is regulated? Paret suggests that while Clausewitz supported the idea of war to be limited in time, goals, and strategies, there was no lay to global military campaigns. Does this mean that local military conflicts similar to those in Iraq cannot expand beyond the geographical borders of the Iraqi nation?They can, and the conflict in Iraq has already stretched itself across the world. The war in Iraq has already turned into the political fight between the two opposing political camps, and the perspective of the global war has never been so close since the end of WWII. This is why it is difficult to understand the aim of Parets analysis. For the aims of objective military research, one should rather read the original works of philosophers, than their subjective interpretations made by contemporary authors. sunshine Tzu The Art of WarWhoever is first in the field and awaits the coming of the enemy, will be fresh for the fight whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted. Therefore the clever scrapper imposes his will on the enemy, but does not allow the enemys will to be obligate on him. If we do not wish to fight, we can prevent the enemy from engaging us even though the lines of our encampment be merely traced out on the ground. All we need do is to throw something odd and unaccountable in his way (Sun Tzu 1971, 24)The ideas of war produced by Sun Tzu, partially seem as odd as the instruments he offers to use if one does not want to fight. On the one hand, being first to the field also implies exploitation sudden tactics. On the other hand, what odd instruments could Iraqi people use to openly claim their desire not to start war with the U. S .? One should not seize its tactics which had been successful earlier, but it should be regulated according to the constantly changing military environments. Moreover, using the tactics which has already proved to be a failure is a guaranteed double failure. The U. S.has not taken into account numerous important elements of an effective military strategy being sudden does not forever and a day mean being successful. Aerial attacks make people fall to their knees, but do not break them completely. The U. S. develops a sound strategy of removing its military from the Iraqi territory. The aim is to turn retreat into a victory, which is roughly impossible. Until the U. S. is able to re-evaluate its defeats and tactics in previous military campaigns, it will have to be prepared to new military failures. Conclusion I think that each of the analyzed philosophers has something to say about the war in Iraq.Each of them discussed interesting elements of military strategy which could be app lied to Iraqi military campaigns. Although certain views are limited, some risk being biased, and some cannot make the case at all, all of them deserve attention at least for having researched the question which we will hardly ever answer What is War? It is never stable, it is always changeable, it always has a different face, and sometimes we even fail to recognize it from the start. One thing is evident no matter how difficult a war can be, no excuses can justify our inability to fight well. BIBLIOGRAPHYClausewitz, C. On War. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1989. Jablonski, D. Roots of Strategy. Book 4. Merchanicsburg Stackpole Books, 1999. Liddel-Hart, Basil H. Strategy Second Revised Edition. New York crown Books, 1991. Machiavelli, N. The Prince. The Project Gutenberg, 2006. Available from http//www. gutenberg. org/files/1232/1232-h/1232-h. htm Paret, P. , G. A. Craig F. Gilbert. Makers of Modern Strategy From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Princeton Princeton Universi ty Press, 1986. Sun Tzu. The Art of War. Translated by Samueal B. Griffith. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1971.